On evaluating the differences of TCP and ICMP in network measurement

Network measurement is an important approach to understand network behaviors, which has been widely studied. Both TCP and ICMP are applied in network measurement, while investigating the differences between the measured results of these two protocols is an important topic that has been less addressed. In this paper, to compare the differences between TCP and ICMP when they are used in measuring host connectivity, RTT, and packet loss rate, we designed two groups of comparison programs, and after careful evaluating of the program parameters, we executed a lot of comparison experiments on the Internet. The experimental results show that, there are significant differences between the host connectivity measured using TCP or ICMP; in general, the accuracy of connectivity measured using TCP is 20–30% higher than that measured using ICMP. The case of RTT and packet loss rate is complicated, which are related to path loads and destination host loads. While commonly, the RTT and packet loss rate measured using TCP or ICMP are very close. According to the experimental results, we also give some advices on protocol selection for conducting accurate connectivity, RTT and packet loss rate measurements. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.